“Substance abuse” covers harmful use of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, opioids, stimulants, prescription tablets and more. Doctors now often speak of substance use disorder, which ranges from risky use to severe addiction.
Substance abuse vs addiction
Substance abuse means using in ways that cause harm, such as missed work, unsafe situations or health damage. Addiction (dependence) is when the brain and body adapt, so you crave the substance, need more, and struggle to stop even when it hurts you. Misuse can turn into dependence over time.
Common signs
- Strong cravings and loss of control over how much or how often you use
- Needing more to get the same effect
- Withdrawal symptoms when you stop
- Neglecting work, studies, family or health
- Continuing despite clear harm
- Secrecy, lying and money problems
- Risky behaviour, such as driving or mixing substances
Why it happens
There is no single cause. Genes, starting young, stress or trauma, anxiety or depression, peer pressure, easy availability and self-medicating pain or poor sleep can all play a part. It is not a character flaw.
When to get help
Get help if you cannot cut down, if use affects health, work or family, if you use more than one substance, or if someone close to you is worried. Reaching out early makes recovery easier. In an emergency call 112. Tele-MANAS: 14416.
Next step
A confidential assessment is a good first step. See our drug addiction treatment and alcohol treatment, or book an appointment.